The Criosphinx is more or less a bonus boss, found in Another Earth Dragon isle, where you fought the Earth Dragon in the other dimension.
Its fight basically goes like the Time Devourer's. You can more or less fight it out, or cast elements of the appropiate color. Which color is told by the Criosphynx itself, in riddle. Shouldn't be hard to figure it out, though I'm sure you can just look up the order. I don't think it's random, though I just don't remember if so.